Eloquence in debate

 Debate is also a part of eloquence. It is used in many activities. What are the skills of debate? How to win the success of the debate? Here are some skills compiled for you. Let's have a look!

Tips for debate

1. Set a dilemma

That is to set a dilemma, no matter how the other party answers, it will fall into the set trap. But we should grasp the topic and not deviate from the theme.

2. Attack the shield with a spear

That is, the contradiction between the other party's argument and argument, seize the contradiction between the other team members and team members, and continuously pursue and force the other side to follow closely and lead the other side to fight.

3. Simple questions and profound implications

That is to say, the problem is very simple, but the meaning is very deep, and it is closely related to the issue. Be sure to ask the most profound questions in the most refined language. Make the other party unable to answer quickly and overwhelm the other party in momentum.

4. Passionate questions

That is to say, by means of psychological suggestion, directly hit the other party's emotional layer to make it excited and trigger emotional connection, so as to submerge the other party's reason. But pay attention not to carry out personal attacks, and don't mess around.

5. New ideas on familiar things

People tend to be very familiar with things around them, but they don't pay attention to it, or they are very familiar with it but only know about it, but don't understand its details. Generally, asking questions about this kind of things can easily lead the other party into passivity.

6. Repeated questioning

If the other party dodges the questions that the other party has to answer, they can ask them repeatedly. However, they can't ask more than three times. They can't ask unlimited questions, which will lead to negative effects of no questions to ask or boring of the audience.

7. A way to slow down

In daily life, we can see the following situations: when the fire brigade receives a call for help, it often answers with a slow tone. This kind of gentle tone is to stabilize the speaker's mood, so that the other party can correctly explain the situation.

8. Push the boat with the current

On the surface, they agree with each other's views and deduce in accordance with the logic of the other party. In the derivation, according to our needs, some reasonable obstacles are set up, so that the other party's views can not be established under the additional conditions, or come to a conclusion diametrically opposite to the other party's views.

9. Questioning in many ways

That is to ask a class of questions from several directions, sides and levels at the same time. However, it should be noted that such issues must be aimed at the core of the debate, that is, the main positions and views of the debate, so as to create a encircling situation and make the other party unable to parry or return.

10. Clean up

The so-called "clean up the source", this article takes its metaphorical meaning to point out that the other party's argument is not closely related to the topic or runs counter to it, fundamentally correct the foothold of the other party's argument, draw it into our "sphere of influence" and make it serve our point of view. Compared with the "pushing the boat along the river" method of positive reasoning, this technique is just the opposite of its thinking.

11. Use your strength

In martial arts novels, there is a trick called "using force to fight", which means that people with deep internal power can attack each other with the strength of their opponent's attack. This method can also be applied to argumentation. The reason why Zheng Fang can use the examples of the opposite side to cure himself is that he has a series of theories which are not expressed orally and reinterpret words as a strong backing.

12. "Lead the snake out of the cave"

In the debate, there is often a stalemate state: when the other side clings to his argument, no matter how our side attacks, the other side only uses a few words to deal with it. If we still adopt the method of frontal attack, it will have little effect. In this case, it is necessary to adjust the offensive means as soon as possible, adopt circuitous methods, and start with seemingly unimportant issues, so as to lure the other party to leave the position, so as to strike at the opponent, and create a sensation in the minds of the judges and the audience.

13. Transplant flowers to trees

Eliminating the defective parts of the other party's arguments and replacing them with favorable opinions or materials of our side, we can often receive the miraculous effect of "two or four strokes". We call this technique "transplanting flowers and grafting trees". The skill of transplanting flowers and trees is a kind of strong attack in argumentation theory. It requires the debater to be brave in accepting and counterattack. Therefore, it is also a kind of difficult and highly confrontational one. Persuasive argumentation skills. It is true that in reality, eloquence is surging and the situation is changing, and more "transplanting flowers and trees" requires the debater to accurately summarize or deduce the other party's views and our position at that time.

14. "Li Dai taojian"

When we come across some argumentative problems which are difficult to argue logically or theoretically, we have to adopt the method of "Li Dai Taogan" and introduce new concepts to solve the difficulties. The significance of the tactics of "Li Dai Taogan" lies in introducing a new concept to deal with the other party, so as to ensure that some key concepts in our argument are hidden behind and not directly attacked by the other party. Debate is a very flexible process. In this process, some of the more important skills can be used. Experience tells us that only by combining knowledge accumulation with debating skills can we achieve better results in debating competitions.

15. Take the bottom line

Tricky and selective questioning is one of the offensive moves used by many debaters. Usually, this kind of questioning is premeditated, it can put people in a "dilemma" situation, no matter what choice the other party makes, it will be disadvantageous to oneself. A specific technique to deal with this kind of questioning is to extract a preset option from the other party's selective questions to carry out strong cross examination, so as to fundamentally frustrate the other party's spirit. This kind of technique is to make a thorough effort. Of course, the actual situation in the debate field is very complex. In order to change from passive to active in the debate, mastering some anti guest oriented skills is only one factor. On the other hand, anti guest oriented also needs to rely on very good improvisation, but this is no rule to follow.

16. Using contradictions

Because the two sides of the debate are composed of four members, the four members often have conflicts in the process of debate. Even if the same member of the team is speaking quickly, there may be contradictions in the free debate. Once such a situation arises, we should seize it immediately and try our best to expand the contradiction of the other party so that it can't afford to attack us. For example, during the debate with the Cambridge team, the three debates of the Cambridge team held that law is not morality, while the second argument held that law is the basic morality. These two views are obviously contradictory. We take the opportunity to widen the gap between the two debaters of the other side and force the other party into a dilemma. Another example is that the other side first took "food and clothing" as the basic state of human survival at first, and then, under our fierce offensive, he talked about the "hungry and cold" state. This is in contradiction with the previous view. Our "spear of the son, attack the shield of the son", so that the other side in an urgent, unreasonable, speechless.

Humorous debate skills in life

1. Returning to absurdity

Yu Dan, a professor of Beijing Normal University, likes purple very much. During the lecture at "Baijia forum", she often wears a lavender printed suit with a dark purple silk scarf, which makes her feel very elegant. However, once, after Yu Dan gave a lecture, an audience pointed to her clothes and asked, "Mr. Yu Dan, Teacher Yi Zhongtian wears Zhongshan suit in the Three Kingdoms, but you are very fashionable and westernized. I think you should wear Chinese style clothes to talk about the Analects of Confucius." Yu Dan asked humorously, "do you see, is it still time for me to wrap my feet?" the audience could not help but roar Laugh.

The so-called fallacy humor refers to that in order to prove that the other party's point of view is wrong, it first agrees with the other party's point of view, assumes that it is reasonable for the dialect, and then deduces a more absurd conclusion based on it, so as to make the other party's point of view self defeating. In the above example, in the face of the fallacy of the audience's view that "Chinese classics should be dressed in Chinese style clothes", Professor Yu Dan did not spend much time on it. Instead, he came to a fallacy reasoning: since you think that speaking Chinese classics should be dressed in Chinese style clothes, would it not be more traditional and more Chinese for me to wrap my feet around? The latter is obviously more ridiculous. In this way, the other party's viewpoint is absurd It's obvious.

2. Inverse form

Due to the large number of migrant population in a city, the traffic situation is deteriorating, and more and more people take buses.

One day, a thin passenger complained angrily in the car: "this bus is too crowded, it's caused by some fat people. In the future, we should buy tickets according to the weight."

At this time, a fat passenger next to him heard that he said it casually, and then replied with a smile: "if your words come true, it will be very bad for you."

"Why?" asked the thin passenger.

"If you are a slender person like you, if you charge by weight, how much can the steward charge you? If you are a steward, would you like someone like me or someone like you

Thin passengers can't help laughing, just because of the crowd and the fire suddenly disappeared.

The so-called anti return humor is to treat people with their own way of thinking. It uses the thinking routine of the other party, and then goes from one to the other, and returns to the original owner. Its purpose is to make the other party lift a stone and hit his own foot. In the above example, in order to refute the absurd view of "pay by weight", the Overweight Passenger deduces the conclusion that "the thin person will not be allowed to take the bus because of less payment" based on the other party's point of view. In turn, it proves the wrong view of the thin passenger, which not only refutes the other party, but also does not embarrass the other party, making him give up in laughter.

3. Parody

There was a chicken farm owner who always hated missionaries because he felt that many missionaries spoke the same thing and did the same thing. In particular, some people were full of benevolence and morality on the surface, but they did some shady business in private. In order to vent their dissatisfaction, the chicken farm owner had nothing to do, so he spread bad words about the missionaries.

One day, two missionaries came and said they wanted to buy a chicken.

The owner of the chicken farm asked them to pick at random in the chicken farm. Unexpectedly, they picked a rooster with almost the same hair loss, bald and lame.

The chicken farmer was very strange and asked why they wanted to buy this ugly sick chicken.

One of the missionaries replied, "we want to buy this chicken back and keep it in the yard of the monastery. If passers-by see it, if they ask, we will say it's your chicken."

When the owner of the chicken farm heard this, he was anxious and quickly waved his hand: "no, no, no! Look at the chickens in my farm. Which one is not beautiful and fat and strong. I don't know how to do it. It's unfair for you to represent all my chickens with such a chicken."

Another missionary said with a smile, "yes, a few missionaries behave badly, but you like to use them to represent us. It's unfair to us!"

On hearing this, the owner of the chicken farm immediately understood their intention and apologized to them.

The so-called parody humor is to imitate the other party's language form, logical way and tone of speech to refute. In the above example, in the face of the prejudice of the chicken farmers, the two missionaries did not refute them. Instead, they skillfully set up a situation of buying chickens, deliberately guided each other to ask questions, and then imitated the logic of the chicken farmers to deduce that the chicken farmers were also "too unfair". They humorously highlighted the absurdity of each other's views, expressed their images, and argued strongly, which convinced the chicken farmers Take it orally, bow down and apologize.